【粪肥处理的土壤中的抗生素耐药性】Nikolina Udikovic-Kolicab1Fabienne Wichmannac1Nichole A. Brodericka andJo Handelsmana2. Bloom of resident antibiotic-resistant bacteria in soil following manure fertilization. PNAS 2014 doi: 10.1073-pnas.1409836111
一项研究发现，施用粪肥可能导致土壤中的抗生素耐药性细菌大量出现，即便粪肥来自未经抗生素处理的牛。农业大量使用抗生素带来了关于牲畜对抗生素耐药性有 贡献的担忧。由于施用粪肥对土壤微生物群的影响尚未得到充分理解，Jo Handelsman及其同事使用了无机肥或者来自没有获得抗生素治疗的牛的粪肥改良了土壤块，然后监测了施肥之后的细菌种群。在2周之后，用粪肥处理的 土壤比用无机肥处理的土壤表现出了显著更高的耐头孢菌素的种群。这组作者使用遗传分析确定了细菌抗生素耐药性是否起源于粪肥或者土壤，结果发现使用粪肥改 良增加了携带抗生素耐药基因的土壤细菌种群，特别是在假单胞菌中发现的一个基因。粪肥处理的土壤中的土壤细菌多样性比施用无机肥的土壤更低，这提示施用粪 肥让土壤微生物群的特定细菌分类变得丰富。这组作者识别出了在土壤细菌中表达的5种不同的抗生素耐药性β-内酰胺酶，这提示这个土壤微生物群是β-内酰胺 酶基因的一个天然储存库。这项研究表明，这些结果提示，施用粪肥可能增加抗生素耐药性细菌种群，无论这种粪肥来源是否经过抗生素处理。(来源：EurekAlert)
Abstract
The increasing prevalence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria is a global threat to public health. Agricultural use of antibiotics is believed to contribute to the spread of antibiotic resistance but the mechanisms by which many agricultural practices influence resistance remain obscure. Although manure from dairy farms is a common soil amendment in crop production its impact on the soil microbiome and resistome is not known. To gain insight into this impact we cultured bacteria from soil before and at 10 time points after application of manure from cows that had not received antibiotic treatment. Soil treated with manure contained a higher abundance of β-la