【农作物病虫害与粮食安全】Daniel P. Bebber Mark A. T. Ramotowski & Sarah J. Gurr. Crop pests and pathogens move polewards in a warming world. Nature Climate Change 3 985–988 (2013) doi:10.1038-nclimate1990
Abstract
Global food security is threatened by the emergence and spread of crop pests and pathogens. Spread is facilitated primarily by human transportation but there is increasing concern that climate change allows establishment in hitherto unsuitable regions. However interactions between climate change crops and pests are complex and the extent to which crop pests and pathogens have altered their latitudinal ranges in response to global warming is largely unknown. Here we demonstrate an average poleward shift of 2.7±0.8 km yr−1 since 1960 in observations of hundreds of pests and pathogens but with significant variation in trends among taxonomic groups. Observational bias where developed countries at high latitudes detect pests earlier than developing countries at low latitudes would result in an apparent shift towards the Equator. The observed positive latitudinal trends in many taxa support the hypothesis of global warming-driven pest movement.
【根毛长度与丛枝菌根的相互作用】Lawrie K. Brown Timothy S. George Gracie E. Barrett Stephen F. Hubbard Philip J. White. Interactions between root hair length and arbuscular mycorrhizal colonisation in phosphorus deficient barley (Hordeum vulgare). Plant and Soil
Abstract
Aims
Phosphorus (P) limits crop yield and P-fertilisers are frequently applied to agricultural soils. However supplies of quality rock phosphate are diminishing. Plants have evolved mechanisms to improve P-acquisition and understanding these could improve the long-term sustainability of agriculture. Here we examined interactions between root hairs and arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) colonisation in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.).
Methods
Barley mutants exhibiting different root hair phenotypes wild type barley and narrowleaf plantain (Plantago lanceolata L.) were grown in the glasshouse in P-sufficient and P-d