【大气氨交换过程】Genki Katata^a Kentaro Hayashi^b Kensuke Ono^c Haruyasu Nagai^a Akira Miyata^c Masami Mano^d. Coupling atmospheric ammonia exchange process over a rice paddy field with a multi-layer atmosphere–soil–vegetation model.Agricultural and Forest MeteorologyVolume 180 15 October 2013 Pages 1–21

Abstract

To understand the process of atmospheric ammonia (NH₃) exchange over a paddy field an existing multi-layer atmosphere–SOiL–VEGetation model (SOLVEG) was modified. Heat transfer at the paddy water layer and dry deposition of water-soluble gases such as NH₃ and sulfur dioxide (SO₂) onto the wet canopy as well as the emission potentials of NH₃ from the rice foliage and floodwater or soil surface were newly modeled. The performance of the modified model was tested using flux data derived using the eddy covariance and gradient methods used for single rice crops in central Japan. The modified model reproduced the observed fluxes of momentum heat and CO₂ as well as the observed net radiation Bowen ratio paddy water temperature and soil temperature an