【北极冻土层土壤CO2排放】Rose M. Cory Byron C. Crump Jason A. Dobkowski and George W. Kling. Surface exposure to sunlight stimulates CO2release from permafrost soil carbon in the Arctic. PNAS 2013 110(9): 3429-3434
Abstract
Recent climate change has increased arctic soil temperatures and thawed large areas of permafrost allowing for microbial respiration of previously frozen C. Furthermore soil destabilization from melting ice has caused an increase in thermokarst failures that expose buried C and release dissolved organic C (DOC) to surface waters. Once exposed the fate of this C is unknown but will depend on its reactivity to sunlight and microbial attack and the light available at the surface. In this study we manipulated water released from areas of thermokarst activity to show that newly exposed DOC is >40% more susceptible to microbial conversion to CO2 when exposed to UV light than when kept dark. When integrated over the water column of receiving rivers this susceptibility translates to the light-stimulated bacterial activity being on average from 11% to 40% of the total areal activity in turbid versus DOC-colored rivers respectively. The range of DOC lability to microbes seems to depend on prior light exposure implying that sunlight may act as an amplification factor in the conversion of frozen C stores to C gases in the atmosphere.
【中国科学报】我国遥感成像探测技术获重要突破
记者2月26日从中科院上海技术物理研究所获悉,由该所研究员王建宇领衔完成的“多维精细超光谱遥感成像探测技术”将应用在探月工程嫦娥三号月球车上,这表明我国遥感成像探测技术获重要突破。
据介绍,该成果已先后应用在载人航天目标飞行器、“高分辨率对地观测”重大专项和国家重大科学工程的基础建设中,引领了我国航空遥感系统多传感器集成技术的发展。
光学遥感成像是当前航空航天遥感和测绘领域最主要的技术手段,超光谱成像和三维成像技术是其重要组成部分。王建宇团队在国际上率先提出多维精细超光 谱遥感成像探测技术及系列解决方法,发明了以“主被动同步采集+多维度信息融合+时空维信号增强+多手段精细分光”为特色的多维精细超光谱遥感成像探测技 术,在各项指标均达国际先进水平的前提下,解决了高空间分辨率、高光谱分辨率、高辐射灵敏度和宽视场遥感信息同时获取的世界难题;将高分辨率超光谱遥感成 像和三维激光测高有机结合,实现被测目标光谱和三维空间信息准确匹配,同时获取空间三维、光谱及灰度五维信息。
目前,多维遥感集成系统已先后在遥感制图、铁路勘探、考古探测以及海洋、核电站排水、农业、城市安全监测等领域得到应用,并出口马来西亚,经济效益达5.59亿元。(文章来源:《中国科学报》 2013-02-27 第4版 综合)
【中国科学报】功能微生物菌剂借智创新
在近日召开的保罗生物院士专家工作站2013年度工作会议上,业界“大佬”云集。来自政府、金融、科研等各个领域的专家各抒己见,为功能微生物菌的产业发 展出谋划策。与全国最顶尖的“脑袋”对接,这让致力于微生态制剂研究与开发的保罗生物园科技公司(下称保罗生物)尝到不少甜头。
去年4月,共有7位院士、专家接过聘书,开始进入保罗生物院士专家工作站,领衔这里的技术研发。如今,该工作站的科研项目在功能性菌剂、高效生物有机肥、 新型饲料添加剂—抗菌肽等方面的销售收