Du WC Sun YY Cao L et al.. Environmental fate of phenanthrene in lysimeter planted with wheat and rice in rotation. Journal of Hazardous Materials 2011 188(1-3): 408-413.(IF 3.723 工程技术，一区）

Abstract

    An outdoor lysimeter experiment was conducted to investigate the fate of ¹⁴C-labeled phenanthrene in the soil planted with wheat and rice in rotation. Results showed that applied ¹⁴C-activity in the soil decreased mainly through gaseous losses; 67.5% of it evaporated as ¹⁴CO₂. After the rice harvest the surface soil retained 21.7% of applied ¹⁴C-activity of which 92.4% remained in nonextractable soil residues. The ¹⁴C-activities found in deeper layers of the soil column indicated vertical migration of phenanthrene or metabolites. Furthermore the ¹⁴C-activities detected in five organs of mature wheat or rice decreased in the order: roots > leaves > shells > stems > grains. The vertical migration and its accumulation by grains suggest that PAHs in field have adverse effects on the security of groundwater and food.