农业生产中施用有机物料是提高土壤有机质含量、保持土壤肥力的重要措施。土壤真菌是有机物降解的主要驱动者，同时与作物健康息息相关，很少有研究报道长期施用不同有机物料下土壤真菌群落的演替。
我室褚海燕课题组依托安徽农科院蒙城砂姜黑土试验站30年的长期定位试验平台，通过高通量测序技术分析了长期施用秸秆、猪粪和牛粪处理中土壤真菌群落的演替，同时解析了猪粪和牛粪中外源真菌对土壤总体真菌群落的贡献。研究发现，有机物料的添加大于单施化肥对真菌群落的影响并且利于土壤真菌多样性的保持，而且不同有机物料会形成显著不同的土壤真菌群落；有机物料的添加会显著降低土壤中植物致病菌的比例，提高有益菌的比例。此外，猪粪和牛粪的一些外源真菌类群会伴随施肥进入并定殖到土壤中，而且其中的一些种类是潜在的致病菌的拮抗菌。这项研究表明了有机粪肥和化学肥料的配合施用不仅有利于土壤肥力保持、产量提升，而且有利于地下微生物生物多样性的维持，并对保持土壤健康有重要的作用。该成果已在Environmental Microbiology在线发表。
Ruibo Sun Melissa Dsouza Jack A. Gilbert Xisheng Guo Daozhong Wang Zhibin Guo Yingying Ni and Haiyan Chu. Fungal community composition in soils subjected to long-term chemical fertilization is most influenced by the type of organic matter. Environmental Microbiology DOI: 10.1111-1462-2920.13512
Abstract
Organic matter application is a widely used practice to increase soil carbon content and maintain soil fertility. However little is known about the effect of different types of organic matter or the input of exogenous species from these materials on soil fungal communities. In this study fungal community composition was characterized from soils amended with three types of organic matter over a 30-year fertilization experiment. Chemical fertilization significantly changed soil fungal community composition and structure which was exacerbated by the addition of organic matter with the direction of change influenced by the type of organic matter used. The addition of organic matter significantly increased soil fungal richness with the greatest richness achieved in soils amended with pig manure. Importantly following addition of cow and pig manure fungal taxa associated with these materials could be found in the soil suggesting that these exogenous species can augment soil fungal composition. Moreover the addition of organic matter decreased the relative abundance of potential pathogenic fungi. Overall these results indicate that organic matter addition influences the composition and structure of soil fungal communities in predictable ways.
