氯虫苯甲酰胺(Chlorantraniliprole)是第一个具有新型邻酰胺基苯甲酰胺类化学结构的广谱杀虫剂,由杜邦公司开发。氯虫苯甲酰胺在我国刚要开始广泛使用,主要用于防治二化螟、稻纵卷叶螟、白背飞虱、小菜蛾等。目前对氯虫苯甲酰胺的研究主要集中在田间药效试验和检测分析方法上,而对其在土壤中环境行为的研究相对较少,尤其缺少其对土壤微生物活性和微生物群落结构的影响的研究工作。而这些研究对于合理评价氯虫苯甲酰胺的环境污染风险和对氯虫苯甲酰胺进行安全合理使用非常关键。

我室李忠佩课题组对氯虫苯甲酰胺潜在的土壤污染风险进行评估,针对我国亚热带不同母质发育的典型水稻土,设置不同施药水平添加氯虫苯甲酰胺,研究氯虫苯甲酰胺的降解动态和在降解过程中对土壤微生物活性和微生物群落的影响。室内85天的培养试验结果表明低浓度的氯虫苯甲酰胺(1mg/kg,相当于田间施药量)对微生物碳源代谢活性和细菌群落结构产生短暂的影响,会很快恢复;而高施药量(10 mg/kg)下,氯虫苯甲酰胺对微生物碳源代谢和细菌群落结构则会产生较大的和较长时间的影响,很难恢复。该研究结果提示我们在田间施药时,一定要遵守推荐施药量,不可以过量施用氯虫苯甲酰胺,以免对土壤微生物群落产生较大的危害。

Wu M, Li GL, Chen XF, Liu J, Liu M, Jiang CY, Li ZP. Rational dose of insecticide chlorantraniliprole displays a transient impact on the microbial metabolic functions and bacterial community in a silty-loam paddy soil. Science of The Total Environment, 2018, 616-617: 236-244

Abstract

Chlorantraniliprole (CAP) is a newly developed insecticide widely used in rice fields in China. There have been few studies regarding its effects on soil microbial functional diversity and bacterial community composition. An 85-day microcosm experiment was performed to reveal the dissipation dynamics of CAP under different application doses in a silty-loam paddy soil in subtropical China. The half-life of CAP was 51.3 and 62.5 d for low (1 mg kg− 1) and high (10 mg kg− 1) application dose, respectively. We used a combination of community level physiological profile (CLPP) and 16S rRNA gene sequencing analysis to get insights into the soil microbial features responded to CAP during the experiment. Non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) performed on CLPP and the sequence results indicated that the soil microbial functional diversity and bacterial community composition were significantly changed by CAP application at day 14, and recovered to the similar level as no CAP treatment (CK) under low dose of CAP at day 36. However, high dose of CAP imposed longer effect on these soil microbial features, and was still significantly different from CK at day 36. Mcrobial taxa analysis at phylum level showed that high dose of CAP decreased the relative abundance of Nitrospirae at day 14, while increased Bacteroidetes and decreased Actinobacteria, Nitrospirae, and Firmicutes at day 36 in relative to CK. Low dose of CAP only increased Crenarchaeota and decreased Nitrospirae at day 14. The response ratio (RR) analysis was used to quantify significant responses of OTUs to different doses of CAP and found that CAP significantly affected the microbes involving the N transformation. This study provides a basic information to aid in the development of application regulations regarding the safe use of CAP in soil and inspire us to apply CAP at rational dose to minimize its ecotoxicity on soil microbes.