【生物炭缓解铝毒害】Linbo Qian Baoliang Chen and Dingfei Hu. Effective Alleviation of Aluminum Phytotoxicity by Manure-Derived Biochar. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2013 47(6): 2737–2745 DOI: 10.1021-es3047872
The alleviation of aluminum phytotoxicity to wheat plants in a hydroponic system through the amendment of biochar is investigated to explore the possibility of applying biochar in acidic soil amelioration. Biochar derived from cattle manure pyrolyzed at 400 °C (CM400) and the CM400 biochar washed with distilled–deionized water to remove alkalinity (WCM400) were prepared to determine the roles of the liming effect and adsorption during the alleviation of Al toxicity. Upon addition of 0.02% (W-V) CM400 to the exposure solution the inhibition of plant growth by Al was significantly reduced while the toxic threshold was extended from 3 to 95 μmol-L Al3+. Due to the biochar liming effect the aluminum species were converted to Al(OH)2+ and Al(OH)2+ monomers which were strongly adsorbed by biochar; furthermore the highly toxic Al3+ evolved to less toxic Al(OH)3 and Al(OH)4– species. Adsorption of Al by the biochar is dominated by surface complexation of the carboxyl groups with Al(OH)2+-Al(OH)2+ rather than through electrostatic attraction of Al3+ with negatively charged sites. Compared to the liming effect the adsorption by biochar exhibited a sustainable effect on the alleviation of Al toxicity. Therefore the biochar amendment appears to be a novel approach for aluminum detoxification in acidic soils.
【大气和土壤中的短链和中链氯化石蜡】Yan Wang Jun Li Zhineng Cheng Qilu Li Xiaohui Pan Ruijie Zhang Di Liu
