熊毅院士是我国著名土壤学家，中国现代土壤科学的奠基人之一。今年是熊毅院士诞辰101周年，为了纪念他为黄淮海平原农业综合开发所做出的突出贡献，封丘县委县政府于9月29日在封丘农田生态系统国家野外科学观测研究站（中科院封丘农业生态实验站）隆重举办了熊毅院士铜像落成仪式。中国科学院副院长丁仲礼，河南省委农村领导小组副组长何东成，中国科学院南京土壤所所长沈仁芳、党委书记林先贵，封丘县委书记薛国文、常务副县长李恒林、封丘农业生态实验站站长张佳宝，熊毅院士家属及有关人员共计50余人出席仪式。这也是首次由地方政府为中国科学院的科学家树立铜像。铜像落成仪式由封丘县常务副县长李恒林主持。

    巨幅彩带迎风飘扬，现场庄严肃穆。南京土壤所党委书记林先贵首先介绍了熊毅院士的生平与功绩。他指出，熊毅院士创建了以“井灌井排”为核心、灌排配套的水利工程系统以及与农业生物措施紧密结合的盐碱地综合治理模式，创造了农业综合开发的封丘模式，为黄淮海平原农业发展作出了重大贡献，彻底改变了黄淮海地区的农业生产面貌，同时开创并发展了我国土壤科学多个领域的研究，为我国土壤科学人才的培养和研究所的建设与发展作出了杰出贡献，是党的优秀儿女、是先进科技工作者的代表、是“科学、吃苦、奉献、合作”的黄淮海精神的永久丰碑。

    中共封丘县委书记薛国文代表封丘县人民致感谢词，向熊毅院士亲属、一直以来大力支持封丘县农业发展的中科院及南京土壤所和封丘实验站的领导和同志们表示衷心的感谢，宣读了“中共封丘县委、县人民政府关于缅怀中国科学院熊毅院士为封丘所作贡献的决定”。薛国文书记强调指出，熊毅院士是封丘人民的恩人和朋友，他为封丘农业综合开发事业做出的巨大功绩，封丘人民将永久铭记在心。

    在丁仲礼副院长、河南省省委农村领导小组副组长何东成共同为熊毅院士铜像揭幕之后，熊毅院士女儿熊丽萱代表家属对河南省政府、中科院、新乡市委市政府、河南省农业厅、封丘县委县政府、土壤所、封丘站等各级领导及封丘的父老乡亲表示了衷心的感谢。

    继承和弘扬前辈们的光荣传统是青年科技工作者义不容辞的责任。长期工作在封丘站的青年代表黄平博士代表全所青年科技人员发言。他表示，作为后继者要时刻牢记熊毅院士在学术上提出的立志、勤奋好学、独立思考、集思广益的谆谆教导，为把我国土壤科学事业不断推向前进，为祖国农业发展再做新的贡献。

    在南京土壤所所长沈仁芳的致辞中，号召大家认真学习、充分继承与发扬熊毅院士身上凝聚的科学与创新、服务国家与人民的精神，以封丘与华北平原为着力点，继续为国家的农业生产、粮食安全作贡献。同时代表南京土壤所对河南省、中科院、封丘县等各级领导长期以来关心支持封丘站的发展，对封丘县委县政府为熊毅院士树立铜像表示了衷心的感谢。

    受河南省副省长刘满仓委托，河南省委农村领导小组副组长何东成代表河南省政府致辞。他着重指出，熊毅院士为黄淮海平原农业丰收奉献了毕生精力，作出了不可磨灭的贡献，是全国科技工作者学习的光辉榜样。铜像的落成不仅是对一位土壤科学家、黄淮海中低产田治理先驱的缅怀，更是对他精神的继承和弘扬。他要求广大科技人员要学习熊毅院士热爱祖国无私奉献的精神、不畏艰苦努力奋斗的精神，厚积薄发、去伪存真、严谨治学的精神，努力推进科学事业新的发展，通过省院合作再次把河南现代农业示范工程做成国家级的样板，为我国农业发展再做新的贡献，为老百姓再立新功。

    最后，丁仲礼副院长发表了重要讲话。他说，科学问题必须从国家的需求中发现，科学家必须把科研工作和国家的切实需要结合起来，才能真正体现研究的价值。熊毅院士这种为国家为人民服务的精神，连同他深入学科前沿、重视新学科研究的探索精神，以及培养年轻科技人员的科学方法，是广大科技工作者的榜样，更是土壤所的宝贵财富，土壤所要永远传承熊毅院士的精神。他还代表中科院表达了对河南省各级领导对中科院科研工作的支持与关心，希望河南人民的生活越来越美好。

    熊毅院士在学术上的精深造诣、科研上的卓著功绩与为民服务的优秀品格交相辉映，堪称我们后人学习的楷模。数年前，封丘县人民专门为其树立了丰碑，永志怀念；去年，南京土壤所开展了“纪念熊毅先生诞辰一百周年”系列活动，深切缅怀；今天，我们紧密结合中央“创先争优”活动，向这位优秀共产党员、老科学家学习，激励后来者更加奋力拼搏，为我国农业生产、粮食安全和土壤科学事业的进一步发展做出新的贡献！

Liu J Jiang PK Wang HL et al.. Seasonal soil CO(2) efflux dynamics after land use change from a natural forest to Moso bamboo plantations in subtropical China. Forest Ecology and Management 2011 262(6): 1131-1137. (IF 1.992 农林科学，二区Top）

Abstract

    Moso bamboo plantations (Phyllostachys pubescens) are one of the most important forest types in southern China but there is little information on the effects of their establishment and silvicultural practices on soil CO₂ efflux. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the effect of land use change from a natural broadleaf evergreen forest to Moso bamboo plantations and their management practices on soil CO₂ efflux in a subtropical region of China using static closed chamber method. Regardless of the land uses or management practices the effluxes over a 12-month period had a seasonal pattern with the maximum effluxes observed in summer and the minimum in winter. Whereas there was no significant difference in the total annual soil CO₂ efflux between the natural broadleaf evergreen forest (BL) and the conventionally managed bamboo forests (CM) soil CO₂ efflux in the intensively managed bamboo forest (IM) was significantly higher. Soil temperature was the most important environmental factor affecting soil CO₂ efflux rates for all three land uses. Soil moisture also had a significant positive correlation with soil CO₂ efflux rates. Soil temperature and moisture had greater influence on soil CO₂ efflux rate in the IM than the CM and BL forests. Soil dissolved organic C had a positive correlation with soil CO₂ efflux rate in the CM but had no significant correlation with that in the IM or the BL forests. Our study for the first time demonstrated that conversion of the natural subtropical broadleaf evergreen forest to Moso bamboo does not increase soil CO₂ efflux. However when bamboo forests are under intensive management with regular tillage fertiliser application and weeding significantly more soil CO₂ emission occurs. Therefore best management practices should be developed to reduce soil CO₂ efflux in Moso bamboo plantations in the subtropical regions of China.

    9月7-9日，应 联合国粮食与农业组织（FAO）邀请，土壤与农业可持续发展国家重点实验室主任沈仁芳研究员，实验室常务副主任，全球数字土壤制图计划东亚中心负责人张甘 霖研究员，组成中国代表团出席了在FAO罗马总部召开的“面向粮食安全和气候变化适应与减缓的全球土壤伙伴计划（Towards a global soil partnership for food security and climate change adaptation and mitigation）”启动大会。

    全球范围内，粮食安全、气候变化、生物多样性保护等受到普遍关注的议题都 与土壤及其管理密切相关，而随着人口压力的增长和不合理的管理，土壤资源退化日益严重。世界各国和有关国际组织也相继出台有关研究和行动计划，推动各国和 区域土壤资源的合理利用，实现可持续的发展。但迄今为止，全球并无统一协调的以“土壤”为中心的行动计划，FAO作为协调全球农业发展和相关自然资源管理 的联合国机构，在联合国千年发展目标高级别专家委员会的建议下，及时地发起了这次“全球土壤伙伴计划”（Global Soil Partnership，GSP），旨在充分利用已经建立的各种国际和地区合作网络，推动全球协调和合作，共担责任，促进利益相关方的对话与互动，最终目 标是世界土壤资源的持续高效利用。该倡议一经提出，立即受到相关各方的积极响应。

    本次会议受到各国的重视和支持，出席会议的有100多个国家的代表。 FAO总干事Jacques Diouf到会致辞，阐述该计划的重要性。FAO负责自然资源管理和环境的助理总干事Alexander Mueller自始至终参加会议并主持多次讨论。多个国家的农业或环境部长、有关联合国机构、多个国际组织，均到会发言，表示对GSP的支持。沈仁芳研究 员代表中国代表团发言，强调将全力支持该全球计划，表示中国土壤学界将在服务国家目标的同时为全球伙伴贡献自己的经验，并指出尽快行动起来是当务之急。张 甘霖研究员也代表全球数字土壤制图东亚中心在大会上报告。

    土壤与农业可持续发展国家重点实验室在土壤学基础和应用研究方面有长期的积累，与世界上30多个国家建立了良好的合作关系，在国际上有较高的地位和知名度，愿意并完全有可能成为GSP的区域中心，在服务国家目标的同时，在国际土壤学界发挥更大的作用。

    9月3日-5日，中国科学院“爱因斯坦讲席教授”、德国马普陆地微生物研究所Ralf Conrad教授访问了土壤与农业可持续发展国家重点实验室，与土壤微生物研究团队进行了深入的学术交流。

    Ralf Conrad教授首先听取了土壤微生物研究团队成员工作的简单介绍，随后从三个方面对土壤微生物学研究提出了自己的看法：（1）基于新一代高通量测序的 “组学”研究需要更加侧重科学问题；（2）关键功能基因的转录并不意味着土壤微生物一定发生作用；（3）传统分离培养技术是土壤微生物服务农业可持续发展 的关键，需要更加强化。Conrad教授进一步以2011年其研究团队分别发表于PNAS和Environmental Microbiology杂志的两篇论文为例，介绍了土壤碳氮循环过程的微生物前沿进展。最后Conrad教授详细听取了稳定性同位素核酸探针 （DNA-RNA-SIP）技术培训班的筹备情况，并提出了一些宝贵建议，充分肯定了马普陆地微生物研究所与土壤与农业可持续发展国家重点实验室共同举办 SIP技术培训班的必要性。访问期间，在土壤微生物研究团队成员陪同下，Conrad教授实地考察了南京市江宁区的地形地貌，现场分析了石灰岩和页岩母质 发育土壤中微生物的可能作用，为进一步深化合作奠定了良好的基础。

    Ralf Conrad 教授是国际著名微生物学家，2010年入选“中国科学院爱因斯坦讲席教授”计划，已与实验室土壤微生物研究团队开展了实质性科研合作，支持一名青年科研人 员申请并获得2010年度欧盟微生物联合会青年科学家国际会议旅行奖励，资助我所一名青年科研人员在其实验室开展硝化微生物功能研究，拟接受我室一名研究 生2012年度在其实验室进修一年。

Zhu XK Feng ZZ Sun TF et al.. Effects of elevated ozone concentration on yield of four Chinese cultivars of winter wheat under fully open-air field. Global Change Biology 2011 17(8): 2697-2706. (IF 6.346 环境科学，一区）

Abstract

Four modern cultivars of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) were grown under elevated ozone concentration (E-O(3)) in fully open-air field conditions in China for three consecutive growth seasons from 2007 to 2009. Results indicated that a mean 25% enhancement above the ambient ozone concentration (A-O(3) 45.7 p.p.b.) significantly reduced the grain yield by 20% with significant variation in the range from 10% to 35% among the combinations of cultivar and season. The varietal difference in the yield response to E-O(3) became nonsignificant when the ANOVA was done by omitting one cultivar which showed unstable response to E-O(3) among the seasons. The reduction of individual grain mass accounted mostly for the yield loss by E-O(3) and showed significant difference between the cultivars. The response of relative yield to E-O(3) was not significantly different from those reported in China Europe and India on the basis of experiments in open-top chambers. Our results thus confirmed the rising threat of surface O(3) on wheat production worldwide in the near future. Various countermeasures are urgently needed against the crop losses due to O(3) such as mitigation of the increase in surface O(3) with stricter pollution control and enhancement of the wheat tolerance against O(3) by breeding and management.

Cheng Y Cai ZC Zhang JB et al.. Gross N transformations were little affected by 4 years of simulated N and S depositions in an aspen-white spruce dominated boreal forest in Alberta Canada. Forest Ecology and Management 2011 262(3): 571-578. (IF 1.992 农林科学，二区Top）

Abstract

    The effects of 4 years of simulated nitrogen (N) and sulfur (S) depositions on gross N transformations in a boreal forest soil in the Athabasca oil sands region (AOSR) in Alberta Canada were investigated using the ¹⁵N pool dilution method. Gross NH₄⁺ transformation rates in the organic layer tended to decline (P < 0.10 marginal statistical significance same below) in the order of control (CK i.e. no N or S addition) +N (30 kg N ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹) +S (30 kg S ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹) and +NS treatments with an opposite trend in the mineral soil. Gross NH₄⁺ immobilization rates were generally higher than gross N mineralization rates across the treatments suggesting that the studied soil still had potential for microbial immobilization of NH₄⁺ even after 4 years of elevated levels of simulated N and S depositions. For both soil layers N addition tended to increase (P < 0.10) the gross nitrification and NO₃⁻ immobilization rates. In contrast S addition reduced (P < 0.001) and increased (P < 0.001) gross nitrification as well as tended (P < 0.10) to reduce and increase gross NO₃⁻ immobilization rates in the organic and mineral soils respectively. Gross nitrification and gross NO₃⁻ immobilization rates were tightly coupled in both soil layers. The combination of rapid NH₄⁺ cycling negligible net nitrification rates and the small NO₃⁻ pool size after 4 years of elevated N and S depositions observed here suggest that the risk of NO₃⁻ leaching would be low in the studied boreal forest soil consistent with N leaching measurements in other concurrent studies at the site that are reported elsewhere.

Guo HY Zhu JG Zhou H et al.. Elevated CO(2) Levels Affects the Concentrations of Copper and Cadmium in Crops Grown in Soil Contaminated with Heavy Metals under Fully Open-Air Field Conditions. Environmental Science & Technology 2011 45(16): 6997-7003. (IF 4.827 环境科学，二区Top）

Abstract

    Elevated CO₂ levels and the increase in heavy metals in soils through pollution are serious problems worldwide. Whether elevated CO₂ levels will affect plants grown in heavy-metal-polluted soil and thereby influence food quality and safety is not clear. Using a free-air CO₂ enrichment (FACE) system we investigated the impacts of elevated atmospheric CO₂ on the concentrations of copper (Cu) or cadmium (Cd) in rice and wheat grown in soil with different concentrations of the metals in the soil. In the two-year study elevated CO₂ levels led to lower Cu concentrations and higher Cd concentrations in shoots and grain of both rice and wheat grown in the respective contaminated soil. Elevated CO₂ levels slightly but significantly lowered the pH of the soil and led to changes in Cu and Cd fractionation in the soil. Our study indicates that elevated CO₂ alters the distribution of contaminant elements in soil and plants thereby probably affecting food quality and safety.

Fang D Zhang RC Zhou LX et al.. A combination of bioleaching and bioprecipitation for deep removal of contaminating metals from dredged sediment. Journal of Hazardous Materials 2011 192(1): 226-233. (IF 3.723 工程技术，一区）

Abstract

    A linked microbial process comprising bioleaching with sulfate-oxidizing bacteria and bioprecipitation with sulfate-reducing bacteria operating sequentially was investigated to deeply remove contaminating metals from dredged sediment. The results showed that sediment bioleaching resulted in a sharp decrease in sediment pH from an initial pH ∼7.6 to pH ∼2.5 within 10–20 days approximately 65% of the main heavy metals present (Zn + Cu + Cr) were solubilized and most of the unsolubilized metals existed in residual form of sediment. The acidic leachate that resulted from sediment bioleaching was efficiently stripped of metal sulfates using a bioprecipitation reactor when challenged with influent as low as pH ∼3.7. More than 99% of Zn²⁺ 99% of Cu²⁺ and 90% of Cr³⁺ were removed from the leachate respectively due to the formation of ZnS Cu₂S and CrOOH precipitates as confirmed by SEM-EDS and XRD detection. It was also found that alkalization of bioleached sediment using Ca(OH)₂ excluded the risk of sediment re-acidification. The ability of the combined process developed in this study to deeply remove heavy metals in insoluble sulfides or hydroxides forms makes it particularly attractive for the treatment of different types of metal contaminants.